<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
<?xml-stylesheet href="/xsl/rss.xsl" type="text/xsl" media="screen"?>
<rss version="2.0" 
	xmlns:content="http://purl.org/rss/1.0/modules/content/"
	xmlns:wfw="http://wellformedweb.org/CommentAPI/"
	xmlns:dc="http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/"
	xmlns:ppp="http://blog.sohu.com/rss/module/ppp/"
	>

	<channel>
		<title>博客丁廷森</title>
		<link>http://dennisding06.blog.sohu.com/</link>
		<description><![CDATA[博客丁廷森]]></description>
		<pubDate>Mon, 26 Nov 2007 16:32:24 +0800</pubDate>
		<generator>搜狐博客</generator>
		<ppp:ebi>d69c1f4792</ppp:ebi>
		<image>
			<title>http://blog.sohu.com</title>
			<url>http://js.pp.sohu.com/ppp/blog/images/common/logo_150_60.gif</url>
			<link>http://blog.sohu.com/</link>
			<width>100</width>
			<height>43</height>
			<description>搜狐博客</description>
		</image>
		<item>
			<title>非逻辑语义组合 2</title>
			<link>http://dennisding06.blog.sohu.com/71542017.html</link>
			<comments>http://dennisding06.blog.sohu.com/71542017.html#comment</comments>
			<dc:creator>博客丁廷森</dc:creator>
			<pubDate>Sun, 25 Nov 2007 21:22:26 +0800</pubDate>
			<guid>http://dennisding06.blog.sohu.com/71542017.html</guid>
			<description><![CDATA[&nbsp; 
<p>&nbsp;&nbsp;<font color="#996600" size="4"> 诗歌中的非逻辑语义组合应用了各种修辞手段，往往带有隐喻的性质, 而且比常规的隐喻在结构和语义上复杂得多，这就拓展和丰富了隐喻的表达方式，发展了英语修辞表达手段。不少非逻辑的语义组合属于非常规隐喻，这就是诗性隐喻。胡壮麟在谈到&ldquo;诗性隐喻&rdquo; 时说，这种非逻辑语义的组合会促使读者产生逻辑联想。&ldquo;正是这些&lsquo;不可能的结合&rsquo;的构建为读者打开并阐述了一个创造性世界，从而使他们能理解这些不可能的结合。&rdquo;他还指出，诗性隐喻不能按语言学隐喻或常规隐喻的方法解读。诗性隐喻通过对诗性语篇在各自领域内的语境化，可以挖掘丰富的象征手段和意象。（胡壮麟2004；Selepe.1995）读者联想的空间更大。许多非逻辑语义组合用具体的事物来比喻抽象的感觉或概念，确实难以理解，也正因为如此，给读者留下更大逻辑想象的空间。读者应善于挖掘字里行间的隐含意义，积极参与诗歌语篇创造。在这种的多层次的&ldquo;诗性隐喻&rdquo;中，作者常常只说出本体，而不说出喻体这种非逻辑的语义组合，特别是形容词转类法，在古典诗歌里常常可以找到许多例证，只不过在现代诗歌里使用得更加普遍和新奇。这种手段在现代中国诗歌里不胜枚举。下面略举几例：</font></p>
<p><font color="#996600" size="4">1.&ldquo;这一半也是灵魂的懒，&rdquo;（徐志摩：《秋虫》）</font></p>
<p><font color="#996600" size="4">2. &ldquo;好的声望是永远找不开的抄票。&rdquo;（食指：《命运》）</font></p>
<p><font color="#996600" size="4">3.&ldquo;卑鄙是卑鄙者的通行证，/ 高尚是高尚者的墓志铭&rdquo;（北岛：《回答》）</font></p>
<p><font color="#996600" size="4">4．&ldquo;我们甜柔深谧的怀念啊&hellip;是花木掩映中唱不出歌声的的古井。&rdquo;（舒婷：《啊,母亲》）</font></p>
<p><font color="#996600" size="4">&nbsp; &nbsp;这种非逻辑语义组合在古代的诗歌中有时也被使用:如苏东坡的&ldquo;大江东去, 浪淘尽 千古风流人物&rdquo;便是。</font></p>]]></description>
		</item>
		    
		
		<item>
			<title>英诗中的非逻辑语义组合</title>
			<link>http://dennisding06.blog.sohu.com/71165171.html</link>
			<comments>http://dennisding06.blog.sohu.com/71165171.html#comment</comments>
			<dc:creator>博客丁廷森</dc:creator>
			<pubDate>Mon, 26 Nov 2007 16:32:24 +0800</pubDate>
			<guid>http://dennisding06.blog.sohu.com/71165171.html</guid>
			<description><![CDATA[<p><font color="#0909f7"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 16pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; 诗歌中的非逻辑语义组合</span></b><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 16pt"></span></b></font></p>
<p><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 16pt"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes"><font face="Times New Roman">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</font></span></span></b><span style="mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt"><font face="Times New Roman">&nbsp;</font></span></p>
<p><span style="mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt"><font face="Times New Roman">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<font color="#0000ff">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp; <span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'"><strong><font size="4">一</font></strong></span></font></font></span></p>
<blockquote style="MARGIN-RIGHT: 0px">
<p align="left"><font color="#0000ff"><font size="4"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;现代英美诗人有一种打破语言常规的</span></font><font size="4"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">创作手段</span><span><font face="Times New Roman">-----</font></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">非逻辑语义组合。语言学家</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">乔姆斯基</span><span><font face="Times New Roman">(Chomsky</font></span><span><font face="Times New Roman">) </font></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">认为，像</span><font face="Times New Roman"> </font></font><font size="4"><font face="Times New Roman"><span>&ldquo;Colorless green ideas sleep fuiouly.&rdquo; (</span></font><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">无色的绿色的思想在愤怒地睡眠</span><span><font face="Times New Roman">) </font></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">和</span></font><font size="4"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">&ldquo;</span><span><font face="Times New Roman">Stones have debetes.</font></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">&rdquo;</span><span><font face="Times New Roman"> (</font></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">石头患糖尿病</span><span><font face="Times New Roman">)</font></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">这样的句子是不能成立的，因为</span></font><font size="4"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">这些句子违反了&ldquo;选择限制&rdquo;。显然，乔姆斯基列举的这两个句子完全</span></font><font size="4"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">符合英语语法结构，但从常规的语义组合讲是说不通的。可是在诗人的</span></font><font size="4"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">笔下，&ldquo;石头患糖尿病&rdquo;这种非逻辑语义组合的句子比比皆是。</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">现代主</span></font><font size="4"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">义诗人</span><span><font face="Times New Roman">W</font></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">．史蒂文斯就有&ldquo;</span><span><font face="Times New Roman">time grows upon the rock.</font></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">&rdquo;（时间在岩石上生</span></font><font size="4"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">长）的诗句。（</span><span><font face="Times New Roman">W. Stevens: <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal">The Man with Blue Guitar</i>) ; </font></span></font><font size="4"><span style="mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-bidi-font-style: italic"><font face="Times New Roman">T. S. </font></span><span>艾略特在他的《窗前晨景》</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt">一诗中写道：</span></font></font></p>
<p align="left"><font color="#0000ff"><font size="4"><font face="Times New Roman"><span style="mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt">I am aware of the damp souls of housemaids</span><span>/ </span><span style="mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt">Sprouting despondently at the </span></font></font><font size="4"><font face="Times New Roman"><span style="mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt">area gates</span><span>.</span><span style="mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-bidi-font-style: italic"> </span></font><span>（</span><font face="Times New Roman"><span style="mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-bidi-font-style: italic">T. S. Eliot: </span><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal"><span style="mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt">Morning at the Window</span></i></font><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt">）</span></i></font></font></p>
<p align="left"><font color="#0000ff"><font size="4"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">&nbsp;&nbsp; 诗人描写的是长期在地下室里干活的厨娘，她们潮湿的灵魂</span><span><font face="Times New Roman">, </font></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">正在发</span></font><font size="4"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">霉生芽。按词汇搭配的逻辑常理</span><span><font face="Times New Roman">, &ldquo;</font></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">灵魂</span><font face="Times New Roman"><span>&rdquo;</span><span style="mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt"> </span></font><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt">（</span><span style="mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt"><font face="Times New Roman">souls</font></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt">）</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">怎么会&ldquo;潮湿&rdquo;</span></font><font size="4"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">（</span><span style="mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt"><font face="Times New Roman">damp</font></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt">）</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">呢？</span><span><font face="Times New Roman">&ldquo;</font></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">灵魂</span><span><font face="Times New Roman">&rdquo; </font></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">怎么会&ldquo;沮丧地发芽&rdquo;</span><span style="mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt"><font face="Times New Roman"> </font></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt">（</span><span style="mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt"><font face="Times New Roman">sprouting despondently</font></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt">）</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">呢？但诗人正是运用了的这些非逻辑的语义组合手段，才能使读者想象</span></font><font size="4"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">这群这群妇女所处的阴暗、潮湿、肮脏的生存条件。她们不仅饱尝肉体的折磨</span><span><font face="Times New Roman">, </font></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">而且正在承受着精神的煎熬。</span></font><font size="4"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">我们姑且把这样的语义组合叫作&ldquo;非逻辑语义组合&rdquo;</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt">。</span></font><font size="4"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">非逻辑语义组合可以由诗句中的一个语法成分与任何别的语法成分组合</span></font><font size="4"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">而成。如</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">名词与修饰语的组合，</span></font><font size="4"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">在英语修辞学中叫作形容词转喻法</span><span><font face="Times New Roman"> (transferred epithet )</font></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">，也有称为&ldquo;转移修饰&rdquo;和&ldquo;移就&rdquo;的，如</span><span><font face="Times New Roman">: </font></span></font></font></p>
<p align="left"><font size="4"><font color="#0000ff"><span><font face="Times New Roman">&ldquo;</font></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">繁忙的悲伤</span><span><font face="Times New Roman">&rdquo; (From ranches of isolation and the <u>busy</u> <u>griefs</u>----- W.H.Auden: <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal">In Memorory of W.B.Yeats</i>)</font></span></font></font></p>
<p align="left"><font size="4"><font color="#0000ff"><span><font face="Times New Roman"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes">&nbsp;</span><span style="mso-spacerun: yes">&nbsp;</span>&ldquo;</font></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">某种情感的贫血症</span><span><font face="Times New Roman">&rdquo;( a sort of <u>emotional anemia</u> </font></span></font></font><font color="#0000ff"><font size="4"><span><font face="Times New Roman">----- Ezra Pound : </font></span></font><font size="4"><span><font face="Times New Roman"><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal">The Garden</i>)</font></span></font></font></p>
<p align="left"><font color="#0000ff"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'"><font size="4">&nbsp; 名词与动词或与非谓语动词的组合也比较常见：</font></span><font size="4"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">这种组合经常出现在主语</span><span><font face="Times New Roman">+</font></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">谓语的句子结构中。主语往往是一个抽象</span></font><font size="4"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">概念或某种思想情绪，作者用它与人们所熟悉的人的行为动作相搭配：</span></font><font size="4"><span><font face="Times New Roman">Your absence has gone through me.</font></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">，</span><span><font face="Times New Roman"> (</font></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">&ldquo;你的离去从我身上穿过&rdquo;，</span><span><font face="Times New Roman"> W.S.Merwin:<i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal"> Separation</i> )</font></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">；</span><span><font face="Times New Roman">My serets cry aloud</font></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">。（我的秘密在大声哭泣）；</span><span><font face="Times New Roman">stinging / gold swarms / upon the spires<span style="mso-spacerun: yes">&nbsp; </span>(</font></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">&ldquo;带刺的</span><span><font face="Times New Roman">/ </font></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">金爬上教堂尖顶&rdquo;</span><span><font face="Times New Roman">e.e.cummings: <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal">sunset</i>)</font></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">；</span></font><font size="4"><span></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">在苹果花冰冻黑夜的地方</span><span><font face="Times New Roman">&hellip;&hellip;</font></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">黑夜在熔化。</span><span><font face="Times New Roman">S. Plath: <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal">Event </i>)</font></span></font></font></p>
<p align="left"><font color="#0000ff"><font size="4"><span><font face="Times New Roman"><font face="宋体">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; </font></font></span></font><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'"></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'"><font size="4">二.</font></span></font></p>
<p align="left"><font color="#0000ff"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'"><font size="4">&nbsp; 非逻辑语义组合的功能与意义是显而易见的。</font></span><font size="4"><span><font face="Times New Roman">1</font></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">．从形式上说，非逻辑语义组合扩展和丰富了诗歌语篇中语义组合的模式，从而扩展和丰富了诗意化语言的表达方式。这</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt">是一种深层次的语义表</span></font><font size="4"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt">达</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">形式</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt">与手段。</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">由于它打破了常规的、逻辑的词汇搭配模式，不受&ldquo;选择</span></font><font size="4"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">限制&rdquo;的约束，</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt">因而应用范围很宽。</span><span><font face="Times New Roman">T</font></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">．</span><span><font face="Times New Roman">S</font></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">．艾略特是应用非逻辑语义组</span></font><font size="4"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">的</span></font><font size="4"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">高手。在现代主义诗歌里程碑《荒原》（</span><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal"><span><font face="Times New Roman">The Waste Land</font></span></i><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">）一诗中到处可见非逻辑语义组合的诗句。他多次重复</span><span><font face="Times New Roman">unreal city (</font></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">不真实的城市</span><span><font face="Times New Roman">) </font></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">这个词语，</span></font><font size="4"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">表达了战争对伦敦为代表的现代社会和文化的摧残和老百姓流离失所的惨状。战争中的伦敦不再是原来那个真实的伦敦，城不像城，已经变得面目</span></font><font size="4"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">全非。诗中还有这样的句子：</span></font></font></p>
<p align="left"><font color="#0000ff"><font size="4"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">&nbsp;&nbsp; </span></font></font><span><font face="Times New Roman" color="#0000ff" size="4">That corpse you planted last year in your garden,</font></span></p>
<p align="left"><span><font face="Times New Roman" color="#0000ff" size="4">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; Has it begun to sprout ? Will it bloom this year ?</font></span></p>
<p align="left"><font color="#0000ff"><font size="4"><span><span style="mso-spacerun: yes"><font face="Times New Roman">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; </font></span></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">（去年你在花园里种下的尸体，</span><span><font face="Times New Roman">/ </font></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">它开始发芽了吗？今年会开花吗？）&ldquo;种植尸体&rdquo;等等意象</span></font><font size="4"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">令人震撼，反映了世界大战的恐怖和残酷。</span></font><font size="4"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">当意象派诗人</span><span><font face="Times New Roman">H.D.</font></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">要表达二十世纪初叶英国政治或文坛令人窒息的情</span></font><font size="4"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">景时，她应用了</span><span><font face="Times New Roman">heat (</font></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">热</span><span><font face="Times New Roman">) </font></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">这个意象：</span></font><span><font face="Times New Roman" size="4">O wind, rend open the heat, / Cut apart the heat, / ---plough through it, / turning</font></span><span><font face="Times New Roman" size="4">&nbsp;it on either side / of your path.(H.D.<i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal">Heat</i>)&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; </font></span></font><font color="#0000ff"><font size="4"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">本来热只是一种有关温度的能量</span><span><font face="Times New Roman">, </font></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">不可能用刀将它切开</span><span><font face="Times New Roman">, </font></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">也不可能用犁</span></font><font size="4"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">去犁开它。但诗人呼唤改革之风去</span><span><font face="Times New Roman">&ldquo;</font></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">撕开热，切开热</span><span><font face="Times New Roman">, &hellip;..</font></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">把热犁翻在路</span></font><font size="4"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">的两旁</span><span><font face="Times New Roman">&rdquo;</font></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">，</span><font face="Times New Roman"> </font><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">不要它阻挡人们前进的步伐。</span><font face="Times New Roman"> </font><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">这种动宾结构的非逻辑语</span></font><font size="4"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">义</span></font><font size="4"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">组合十分显著地将形势的严峻和诗人坚定的决心跃然纸上。</span></font></font></p>
<p align="left"><font color="#0000ff"><font size="4"><span><font face="Times New Roman">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; 2</font></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">．从作者的角度来看，只要我们稍加观察，就会发现这种搭配中总包含</span></font><font size="4"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">着十分抽象的观念、情感和思想。说明现代诗人需要进行深层的表达，</span></font><font size="4"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">需要用诗歌的语言来吐露内心世界的、潜意识的思想和情感，而这些的</span></font><font size="4"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">思想和情感往往是错综复杂的，用常规的语义场里词与词的一般搭配和</span></font><font size="4"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">组合，已经不能表达他们特殊的思想、强烈的情感和内心冲突。非逻辑</span></font><font size="4"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">语义组合更能表达作者复杂的情绪，内心世界的</span></font><font size="4"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">深层表达</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt">，</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">极大地丰富了诗句的内</span></font><font size="4"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">涵</span><span><font face="Times New Roman">, </font></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">扩展了诗歌的文学意义。</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">叶芝在短短</span><span><font face="Times New Roman">18</font></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">行的《疯珍尼与主教谈话》</span></font><font size="4"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">一诗中，竟有十余处应用了非逻辑语义组合：</span></font><span><font face="Times New Roman" size="4">&ldquo;Fair and foul are near of kin, / </font></span><span><font face="Times New Roman" size="4">And fair needs foul,&rdquo; I cried./ </font></span><span><font face="Times New Roman" size="4">&ldquo;My friends are gone,but that&rsquo;s truth/ </font></span><span><font face="Times New Roman" size="4">Nor grave nor bed denied,/ </font></span><span><font face="Times New Roman" size="4">Learned in bodily lowliness/ </font></span><span><font face="Times New Roman" size="4">And in the heart&rsquo;s pride&hellip;./ </font></span><span><font face="Times New Roman" size="4">&hellip;But Love has pitched his mansion in/ </font></span><span><font face="Times New Roman" size="4">The place of excrement;/ </font></span><span><font face="Times New Roman" size="4">For nothing can be sole or whole/ </font></span><span><font face="Times New Roman" size="4">That has not been rent.&rdquo;<span style="mso-spacerun: yes">&nbsp; </span>(<i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal">Crazy Jane Talks with the Bishop</i> )</font></span><font size="4"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">（&ldquo;美与丑血统相近</span><span><font face="Times New Roman">/ </font></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">美需要丑，&rdquo;我大声叫唤。</span><span><font face="Times New Roman">/ </font></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">&ldquo;我的朋友们都已</span></font><font size="4"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">离去，但这个真理，</span><span><font face="Times New Roman">/ </font></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">坟墓和床都不曾否认，</span><span><font face="Times New Roman">/ </font></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">只在身体的低贱中，在</span></font><font size="4"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">心的自尊中学会。</span><span><font face="Times New Roman">/ &hellip;&hellip;</font></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">但是爱已把他的豪宅</span><span><font face="Times New Roman">/ </font></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">搭建在粪堆之上；没有</span></font><font size="4"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">被撕破的东西，</span><span><font face="Times New Roman">/ </font></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">就不可能独特和完整。）</span></font><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'"><font size="4">只有运用这种非逻辑语义的组合，才能深刻地展示叶芝诗歌中的象征</font></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'"><font size="4">意义，表达他的人生观和美学观。</font></span></font></p>
<p align="left"><font color="#0000ff"><font size="4"><span><font face="Times New Roman">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; 3</font></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">．从读者的角度来看：</span></font><font size="4"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">诗人的任务是从读者习惯</span></font><font size="4"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">的语境中取出某些熟悉的事物和事件，以第一次被人看到的方式表</span></font><font size="4"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">现出来，这就是文学作品中作者在读者心中所</span></font><font size="4"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">创造的&ldquo;使陌生化&rdquo;，具有强烈的震撼力<font face="Times New Roman">, </font></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">给读者</span></font><font size="4"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">留下更大的联想空间。</span></font><font size="4"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">在卡明斯的名句&ldquo;</span><span><font face="Times New Roman">spring&nbsp;is&nbsp;like&nbsp;a&nbsp;<u>perhaps</u>&nbsp;hand</font></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">&rdquo;</span></font><font size="4"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">的诗句中，诗人把&nbsp;</span><span><font face="Times New Roman">perhaps</font></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">（可能）这个付词当作形容词</span></font><font size="4"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">来修饰</span><span><font face="Times New Roman">hand</font></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">，这<span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">不仅是语义变异，同时也是一种语法与词汇的变异。诗人</span>以这种特有的组合来形容春天，一定会给<font size="4"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">读者带来无穷的遐想。</span></font></span></font><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'"><font size="4">这种非逻辑语义组合在古代的诗歌中也时常被使用，只不过现代诗歌</font></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'"><font size="4">中诗人的比喻更加离奇。</font></span></font></p>
<p align="left"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'"></span><font color="#0000ff"><span><font face="Times New Roman" size="4">&nbsp;&nbsp; </font></span><font size="4"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">需要说明的是，非逻辑语义组合在文学作品中，</span></font><font size="4"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">特别是在诗歌中不失为一种十分有价值的创作手段，其目的是要表达</span></font><font size="4"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">作者特殊的思想情感和某种常规话语不能表达的价值观。如果作者试</span></font></font><font color="#0000ff"><font size="4"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">图哗众取宠而滥用这种手段</span><span><font face="Times New Roman">, </font></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">或运用不当</span><span><font face="Times New Roman">, </font></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">就会使诗歌变得晦涩难懂</span><span><font face="Times New Roman">, </font></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">不</span></font><font size="4"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">知所云</span><span><font face="Times New Roman">, </font></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">给读者留下重重陷阱</span><span><font face="Times New Roman">, </font></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">那就失去了作品应有的文学价值和意义。</span></font></font></p></blockquote><br />
<div>
<li><font color="#0000ff"></font></li></div>]]></description>
		</item>
		    
		
		<item>
			<title>唐纳德. 霍尔: 马的名字</title>
			<link>http://dennisding06.blog.sohu.com/66525731.html</link>
			<comments>http://dennisding06.blog.sohu.com/66525731.html#comment</comments>
			<dc:creator>博客丁廷森</dc:creator>
			<pubDate>Mon, 8 Oct 2007 17:28:23 +0800</pubDate>
			<guid>http://dennisding06.blog.sohu.com/66525731.html</guid>
			<description><![CDATA[<p><font face="宋体"><font color="#035213"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: #ff6600; LINE-HEIGHT: 130%"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes">&nbsp;</span></span><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 16pt; COLOR: #ff6600; LINE-HEIGHT: 130%">马 的 名 字</span></b></font></font></p>
<p><font face="宋体"><font color="#035213"><span style="COLOR: black"><font size="3">唐纳德．霍尔</font></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: black; LINE-HEIGHT: 130%">( 现任美国桂冠诗人 Donald <span style="mso-spacerun: yes">&nbsp;</span>Hall, </span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: black; LINE-HEIGHT: 130%">１９２８<span>---&nbsp; )</span></span></font></font></p>
<p><font face="宋体"><font color="#035213"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: black; LINE-HEIGHT: 130%"><span>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; </span></span></font></font><font face="宋体"><font color="#035213"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: black; LINE-HEIGHT: 130%"><span>丁廷森 译</span></span></font></font></p>
<p><font face="宋体"><font color="#035213"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: black; LINE-HEIGHT: 130%"><span></span></span><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 16pt; COLOR: #ff6600; LINE-HEIGHT: 130%"></span></b></font></font>&nbsp;</p>
<p><span style="COLOR: #ff6600"><font size="3"><font face="宋体"><font color="#035213">整个冬季你粗壮的肩头都紧贴着项圈，<span></span></font></font></font></span></p>
<p><span style="COLOR: #ff6600"><font size="3"><font face="宋体"><font color="#035213">被埁木项轭和阉牛皮牢牢扣住，拽着<span></span></font></font></font></span></p>
<p><span style="COLOR: #ff6600"><font size="3"><font face="宋体"><font color="#035213">装木柴的拖车，好让它们从春到夏晾干<span></span></font></font></font></span></p>
<p><span style="COLOR: #ff6600"><font size="3"><font face="宋体"><font color="#035213">冬天会用到格伦伍德的铁炉里，也用到灶火煮炖食品。<span></span></font></font></font></span></p>
<p><span style="COLOR: #ff6600"><font face="宋体" color="#035213" size="3">&nbsp;</font></span></p>
<p><span style="COLOR: #ff6600"><font size="3"><font face="宋体"><font color="#035213">四月，你拉着一车车肥料撒在田间，<span></span></font></font></font></span></p>
<p><span style="COLOR: #ff6600"><font size="3"><font face="宋体"><font color="#035213">有霍斯坦的黑色肥料，也有你自己的还夹着粒粒燕麦的粪蛋。<span></span></font></font></font></span></p>
<p><span style="COLOR: #ff6600"><font size="3"><font face="宋体"><font color="#035213">整个夏天你都在牧场和马料场收割青草，一架割草机</font></font></font></span></p>
<p><span style="COLOR: #ff6600"><font size="3"><font face="宋体"><font color="#035213">在你旁边卡嚓卡嚓作响，那时早晨的太阳已爬得老高；<span></span></font></font></font></span></p>
<p><span style="COLOR: #ff6600"><font face="宋体" color="#035213" size="3">&nbsp;</font></span></p>
<p><span style="COLOR: #ff6600"><font size="3"><font face="宋体"><font color="#035213">过了响午的炎热，你又在原来的地里拽着抓耙<span></span></font></font></font></span></p>
<p><span style="COLOR: #ff6600"><font size="3"><font face="宋体"><font color="#035213">收集干草，拖着小货车从一个草垛到另一个草垛，<span></span></font></font></font></span></p>
<p><span style="COLOR: #ff6600"><font size="3"><font face="宋体"><font color="#035213">然后拉着待修的草架回家，上山来到饲料仓，<span></span></font></font></font></span></p>
<p><span style="COLOR: #ff6600"><font size="3"><font face="宋体"><font color="#035213">每天早晨从草场拉走三车草料。<span></span></font></font></font></span></p>
<p><span style="COLOR: #ff6600"><font face="宋体" color="#035213" size="3">&nbsp;</font></span></p>
<p><span style="COLOR: #ff6600"><font size="3"><font face="宋体"><font color="#035213">星期天，你拉着皮制平板车的一小车货物，<span></span></font></font></font></span></p>
<p><span style="COLOR: #ff6600"><font size="3"><font face="宋体"><font color="#035213">小跑两英哩去了教堂，还在赞美歌声中吃一顿草。<span></span></font></font></font></span></p>
<p><span style="COLOR: #ff6600"><font size="3"><font face="宋体"><font color="#035213">一代接一代，你们的颈子磨蹭着马厩的窗沿，<span></span></font></font></font></span></p>
<p><span style="COLOR: #ff6600"><font size="3"><font face="宋体"><font color="#035213">磨光了木块，像海水磨平岩石。<span></span></font></font></font></span></p>
<p><span style="COLOR: #ff6600"><font face="宋体" color="#035213" size="3">&nbsp;</font></span></p>
<p><span style="COLOR: #ff6600"><font size="3"><font face="宋体"><font color="#035213">当你老了，有了褪疾，埋头吃草肩头也会刺痛，<span></span></font></font></font></span></p>
<p><span style="COLOR: #ff6600"><font size="3"><font face="宋体"><font color="#035213">那年十月，那个饲养你、陪伴你、每天为你安马具的人，<span></span></font></font></font></span></p>
<p><span style="COLOR: #ff6600"><font size="3"><font face="宋体"><font color="#035213">牵你穿过满是玉米茬的地里，来到鹰池上方的沙地，<span></span></font></font></font></span></p>
<p><span style="COLOR: #ff6600"><font size="3"><font face="宋体"><font color="#035213">在你身旁挖了一个坑，你站在那儿全身战栗，<span></span></font></font></font></span></p>
<p><span style="COLOR: #ff6600"><font face="宋体" color="#035213" size="3">&nbsp;</font></span></p>
<p><span style="COLOR: #ff6600"><font size="3"><font face="宋体"><font color="#035213">他把猎枪枪口顶着你耳后柔软的凹处，<span></span></font></font></font></span></p>
<p><span style="COLOR: #ff6600"><font size="3"><font face="宋体"><font color="#035213">接着把子弹射进你的大脑，然后把你推入墓穴，<span></span></font></font></font></span></p>
<p><span style="COLOR: #ff6600"><font size="3"><font face="宋体"><font color="#035213">铲沙土覆盖你，在你上面插一根金色的杆，<span></span></font></font></font></span></p>
<p><span style="COLOR: #ff6600"><font size="3"><font face="宋体"><font color="#035213">来年夏天就在那个地方有个洼坑当作你的纪念碑。<span></span></font></font></font></span></p>
<p><span style="COLOR: #ff6600"><font face="宋体" color="#035213" size="3">&nbsp;</font></span></p>
<p><span style="COLOR: #ff6600"><font size="3"><font face="宋体"><font color="#035213">一百五十年来，掩埋死去马匹的牧场里，<span></span></font></font></font></span></p>
<p><span style="COLOR: #ff6600"><font size="3"><font face="宋体"><font color="#035213">松树的根须穿过你们弯曲而灰白的肋骨，<span></span></font></font></font></span></p>
<p><span style="COLOR: #ff6600"><font size="3"><font face="宋体"><font color="#035213">秋天，黄色的花朵在你们头上盛开，而冬天，<span></span></font></font></font></span></p>
<p><span style="COLOR: #ff6600"><font size="3"><font face="宋体"><font color="#035213">霜冻布满你们在地下的骨头&mdash;&mdash;老苦力们，土地的耕耘者们：<span></span></font></font></font></span></p>
<p><span style="COLOR: #ff6600"><font face="宋体" color="#035213" size="3">&nbsp;</font></span></p>
<p><span style="COLOR: #ff6600"><font size="3"><font face="宋体"><font color="#035213">啊，罗杰，马克瑞尔，利雷，耐德，内列，彻斯特尔，还有鬼姐。<span></span></font></font></font></span></p>]]></description>
		</item>
		    
		
		<item>
			<title>翻译蔡其矫</title>
			<link>http://dennisding06.blog.sohu.com/28779235.html</link>
			<comments>http://dennisding06.blog.sohu.com/28779235.html#comment</comments>
			<dc:creator>博客丁廷森</dc:creator>
			<pubDate>Mon, 8 Jan 2007 19:58:23 +0800</pubDate>
			<guid>http://dennisding06.blog.sohu.com/28779235.html</guid>
			<description><![CDATA[<font face="楷体_GB2312" color="#000033" size="4">&nbsp; </font>
<p><font face="楷体_GB2312" color="#000033" size="4"><font face="黑体" size="5">&nbsp; 翻 译 蔡 其 矫&nbsp;&nbsp;</font>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; </font></p>
<p><font face="楷体_GB2312" color="#000033" size="4">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; 丁廷森</font></p>
<p><font face="楷体_GB2312" color="#000033" size="4">&nbsp; 中国诗坛又有一颗璀璨的明星陨落。诗人蔡其矫前两天谢世。今天是元月7日，是蔡其矫先生遗体告别仪式的日子,思绪万千,很想和先生聊聊。</font></p>
<p><font face="楷体_GB2312" color="#000033" size="4">&nbsp; <img style="FLOAT: right; MARGIN: 0px 0px 10px 10px" alt="" src="http://img114.pp.sohu.com/images/blog/2007/1/8/19/28/1109714e4a1.jpg" border="0" />20年前，在我访美期间与美国诗人爱德华.莫伦开始翻译先生的诗作。莫伦不懂汉语，由我先选好要译的诗篇，然后进行初译，莫伦先生修改、润色，然后两人几经推敲，最后定稿。就这样我们译了几十首艾青、蔡其矫、雷抒雁、舒婷、北岛、顾城等人的诗。我们的译诗很快刊登在十几家美国和加拿大的文学杂志上。我们发表的第一首您的诗作是《距离》：</font></p>
<p><font face="楷体_GB2312" color="#000033" size="4">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; 在现实和梦想之间</font></p>
<p><font face="楷体_GB2312" color="#000033" size="4">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; 你是红叶焚烧的山蛮</font></p>
<p><font face="楷体_GB2312" color="#000033" size="4">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; 是黄昏中交集的悲欢；</font></p>
<p><font face="楷体_GB2312" color="#000033" size="4">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; 你是树影，是晚风，</font></p>
<p><font face="楷体_GB2312" color="#000033" size="4">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; 是归来路上的黑暗。......</font></p>
<p><font face="楷体_GB2312" color="#000033" size="4">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; （《诗刊》1981-7）</font></p>
<p><font face="楷体_GB2312" color="#000033" size="4">&nbsp;&nbsp;译诗的过程,就是学习和欣赏先生作品的过程。先生浓浓的诗情、豪放的诗风、洗练的语言和深邃的哲理令我们拍案叫绝。译诗不易，我们尽可能准确地传达先生的原著, 但常常感到丢失了许多。发表《距离》译文&ldquo;Distance&rdquo;的刊物是著名的美国文学季刊 Triquarterly（Winter1988）: </font></p>
<p><font face="楷体_GB2312" color="#000033" size="4">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<font size="3"> Lying between the real and the imagined</font></font></p>
<p><font face="楷体_GB2312" color="#000033" size="3">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;You are a mountain flaming with red leaves,</font></p>
<p><font face="楷体_GB2312" color="#000033" size="3">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;A mixture of sadness and joy at dusk;</font></p>
<p><font face="楷体_GB2312" color="#000033" size="3">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;And darkness on the way home ...</font></p>
<p><font face="楷体_GB2312" color="#000033" size="4">后来我们翻译出版了一本中国当代诗选<b><i>The Red Azalea </i></b>(夏威夷大学出版社1990)，选译其矫先生的《珍珠》等10首诗，受到广泛关注。很多美国朋友过去一直以为中国的当代诗歌就像&ldquo;毛主席挥手我前进&rdquo;那样的政治口号（slogan poems）。读了译诗，他们大开眼界。有的美国诗人说，我们也来学写这种意象鲜明的中国诗吧。</font></p>
<p><font face="楷体_GB2312" color="#000033" size="4">我回国后，莫伦先生提出选编翻译一本《蔡其矫诗选》。也与先生有过几次书信往来。每译出一部分诗，莫伦先生就会在美国举办一次蔡其矫诗歌朗诵会。我们经过几年的努力，基本脱稿，但仍有许多难于理解的字句需要亲自请教蔡先生。2002年5月，我给先生打电话，说我和爱德华. 莫伦想见见先生, 你欣然同意，说也想见见我们。2002年6月中旬，莫伦从美国飞到贵阳与我汇合。他是个工作狂。我们在前往福州的飞机上也在译诗。6月28日，我们在福建作家协会的寓所里见到了先生。虽然你已经83岁高龄，但谈笑风生，容光焕发。你的热情好客使我们感到像到了一个亲戚家中。一谈起诗歌，你就神采飞扬，雄心勃勃。你说，很快要出版八卷的《蔡其矫诗歌廻廊》，你们还可以从里面选一些来翻译。你说，&ldquo;你们做了一件很有意义的事情。&rdquo;你送了我们几本你的诗集，说最喜欢香港现代出版社的《蔡其矫抒情诗》（1993）。我们问到几首诗的写作动机，你说，这首是写给谁的，那首是写给谁的。谈到过去的是非曲直，你挥一挥手，&ldquo;都过去了！&rdquo;谈话中，我们感到先生对政治风云十分敏感，却又是个不太懂政治的人。先生口无遮拦，直言不讳。先生带着你柔情蜜意的笑容来歌唱爱情；以大海一样的心怀来歌颂真理；先生像贝壳一样为保护珍珠而倍受痛苦煎熬；先生的抿嘴时有一种愤世疾俗，蔑视一切丑恶的神态，比&ldquo;暴风雨更加凶猛&rdquo;；先生大笑时却张扬着一种乐观向上的豪放，&ldquo;好像要把地上万物都一齐向高空举起&rdquo;。这一切都写在先生的脸上，也写在先生的诗里。先生就是这样一个人，先生就是这样一个诗人。</font></p>
<p><font face="楷体_GB2312" color="#000033" size="4">谈笑间，莫伦先生拿出一张事先代你写好的同意我们翻译和出版你的诗作的声明交给你。还不等我翻译声明上的文字，你提笔就签了名。我补充了一句，在美国出诗集，常常没有任何稿费。你说，&ldquo;我不在乎这个。&rdquo;你请我们在附近一家不错的饭店共进晚餐，还派人带我们参观福州夜景。告别前，先生久久握住莫伦和我的手，还特地邀请我们有机会一定去参观他的故乡----晋江园板村的寓所，这是他一提起就眉飞色舞的宝地。没想到，我们这是在与先生永别。他年有机会去拜访园板时，就再也见不到先生在花园里一边种花锄草，一边吟诵新诗的身影。</font></p>
<p><font face="楷体_GB2312" color="#000033" size="4">&nbsp; 先生曾来信表示很关注我们的翻译工作，我们会把这件事做好。先生走了，我们的工作还在进行。先生诗作的英语译文不断地出现在美国的文学刊物上。2003年10月我重访美国时还与莫伦先生举行了两次&quot;蔡其矫诗歌朗诵会&quot;，最近我们在美国刊物发表了《孤独一年》、《迷信》等6首诗歌译文。出版《蔡其矫诗选》英译本的事正在抓紧与美国出版商联系，请先生放心。</font><font face="楷体_GB2312" color="#000033" size="4">&nbsp; </font></p>
<p><font face="楷体_GB2312" color="#000033" size="4">&nbsp;我们的工作，是让先生把你创造的美带给世界上更多的人，让先生永远活在他们心里！</font></p>
<p><font face="楷体_GB2312" color="#000033" size="4">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; 2007.1.7.</font></p>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; ]]></description>
		</item>
		    
		
		<item>
			<title> 庞德:《在地铁车站》</title>
			<link>http://dennisding06.blog.sohu.com/26962485.html</link>
			<comments>http://dennisding06.blog.sohu.com/26962485.html#comment</comments>
			<dc:creator>博客丁廷森</dc:creator>
			<pubDate>Tue, 26 Dec 2006 22:55:31 +0800</pubDate>
			<guid>http://dennisding06.blog.sohu.com/26962485.html</guid>
			<description><![CDATA[<table cellpadding="0" bgcolor="white" border="0">
<tbody>
<tr>
<td>
<p align="center"><font color="#006600">&nbsp;</font></p></td>
<td>
<p><font color="#006600">&nbsp;&nbsp;<font size="4">20世纪初的意象派主将艾兹拉.庞德(Ezra Pound&nbsp;1885--1972)在1916年回忆他写《地铁车站》的情形时说:三年前从巴黎协和广场走出地铁车站,突见一美丽面孔,接着又是一个,又一个......然后是一个儿童的脸庞,跟着又是一个美丽女人的脸庞......于是想写诗表达此中感受而久觅未获,后来写了一首30行的诗,半年后改写成15行诗,旋又毁弃,因作者认为皆属&quot;次等强烈&quot;之作。过了一年庞德才改写成这首两行诗：</font></font></p>
<p><font color="#006600" size="4">&nbsp;The apparition of these faces in the crowd;</font></p>
<p><font color="#006600" size="4">&nbsp;Petals on a wet, black bough.</font></p>
<p><font color="#006600" size="4">&nbsp; 全诗只有两个独立短语，并不成句，中间有个分号，没有连词。这实际上是一种平行结构, 虽然不十分工整, 诗人似乎运用了中国古典诗歌的对仗。庞德主张&ldquo;应用富于音乐性的短语节奏，而不是节拍器的节奏来进行创作。&rdquo;主张口语化语言；用直接手法处理事物，不许有一字无益于表现。这首诗意象鲜明，其蕴涵意义众说纷纭，我以为庞德是在写工业社会中人的异化。</font></p>
<p><font color="#006600" size="4">&nbsp; 译这首诗让人绞尽脑汁。我和杨通荣先生1981年就译过这首诗，后来在我们合编的《当代美国诗选》（贵州人民出版社，1987）译文是这样的：</font></p>
<p><font color="#006600"><font size="4">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <font face="楷体_GB2312">人流中忽隐忽现的张张脸庞；</font></font></font></p>
<p><font face="楷体_GB2312" color="#006600" size="4">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; 黝黑沾湿枝头的片片花瓣。</font></p>
<p><font color="#006600" size="4">&nbsp; 前几年我们在英汉对照的《英美名诗选》对此诗译文作了适当修改：</font></p>
<p><font color="#006600"><font size="4">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <font face="楷体_GB2312">人流中忽隐忽现的张张脸庞； </font></font></font></p>
<p><font face="楷体_GB2312" color="#006600" size="4">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; 黝黑沾湿的枝头上片片花瓣。</font></p>
<p><font color="#006600" size="4">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;---杨通荣、丁廷森（贵州人民出版社，2003年）</font></p>
<p><font color="#006600" size="4">&nbsp; 近来在网上读到有网民搜集到多种该诗译文，很是高兴，值得认真与原文对照研读推敲。现以转发，以饷读者：</font></p>
<p><font color="#006600" size="4">&nbsp;&nbsp;</font></p></td></tr>
<tr>
<td>
<p><font color="#006600">&nbsp;</font></p></td>
<td>
<table cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" border="0">
<tbody>
<tr>
<td>
<p><font color="#006600">原文: <b><em>&nbsp;In&nbsp;a&nbsp;Station&nbsp;of&nbsp;the&nbsp;Metro&nbsp;&nbsp; </em></b></font></p>
<p><font color="#006600"><em><strong>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</strong>&nbsp; </em>Ezra Pound&nbsp; </font></p>
<p><font color="#006600">The&nbsp;apparition&nbsp;of&nbsp;these&nbsp;faces&nbsp;in&nbsp;the&nbsp;crowd;&nbsp;&nbsp;</font></p>
<p><font color="#006600">Petals&nbsp;on&nbsp;a&nbsp;wet,&nbsp;black&nbsp;bough.</font></p>
<p><font color="#006600">&nbsp;&nbsp;<br />&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</font><font face="楷体_GB2312" color="#006600">1.在地铁站&nbsp; <br />&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;人潮中这些面容的忽现；&nbsp; <br />&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;湿巴巴的黑树丫上的花瓣。（罗池） <br />&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;　　 <br />&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;2．地下车站&nbsp; <br />&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;人群中幻影般浮现的脸&nbsp; <br />&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;潮湿的，黑色树枝上的花瓣（钟鲲） <br />&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;　　 <br />&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;3．地铁车站&nbsp; <br />&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;人群中这些脸庞的幻影；&nbsp; <br />&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;潮湿又黑的树枝上的花瓣.（成婴） <br />&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;　　 <br />&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;4．在伦敦的地铁车站里&nbsp; <br />&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;这些脸的幻影在人群中，&nbsp; <br />&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;一条潮湿的、黑色枝干上的点点花瓣。</font></p>
<p><font face="楷体_GB2312" color="#006600">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; （李德武）&nbsp; <br />&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;　　 <br />&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;5．地铁车站&nbsp; <br />&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;人群中这些面庞的闪现；&nbsp; <br />&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;湿漉的黑树干上的花瓣。（赵毅衡） <br />&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;　　 <br />&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;6．在地铁车站&nbsp; <br />&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;这几张脸在人群中幻景般闪现；&nbsp; <br />&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;湿漉漉的黑树枝上花瓣数点。（飞白）&nbsp; <br />&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;　　 <br />&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;7．地铁车站&nbsp; <br />&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;人群里忽隐忽现的张张面庞，&nbsp; <br />&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;黝黑沾湿枝头的点点花瓣。 <br />&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;又：&nbsp; <br />&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;人群中这些脸庞的隐现；&nbsp; <br />&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;湿漉漉、黑黝黝的树枝上的花瓣。</font></p>
<p><font face="楷体_GB2312" color="#006600">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; （裘小龙）&nbsp; <br /><br />&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;8．在一个地铁车站&nbsp; <br />&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;人群中这些面孔幽灵一般显现；&nbsp; <br />&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;湿漉漉的黑色枝条上的许多花瓣&nbsp; <br />&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;又：地铁车站&nbsp; <br />&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;人群中这些面孔幽灵般显现；&nbsp; <br />&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;湿漉漉的黑枝条上朵朵花瓣。（杜运燮）&nbsp; <br />&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;　　 <br />&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;9．地铁站里&nbsp; <br />&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;出现在人群里这一张张面孔；&nbsp; <br />&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;湿的黑树枝上的一片片花瓣。（张子清）&nbsp; <br />&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;　　 <br />&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;10．在一个地铁车站&nbsp; <br />&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;这些面孔似幻象在人群中显现；&nbsp; <br />&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;一串花瓣在潮湿的黑色枝干上。（江枫）&nbsp; <br />&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;　 <br />&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;11．地铁站上&nbsp; <br />&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; 这些面庞从人群中涌现&nbsp; <br />&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; 湿漉漉的黑树干上花瓣朵朵（郑敏） <br />&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;　　 <br />&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;12.&nbsp;人群里这些脸忽然闪现； <br />&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; 花丛在一条湿黑的树枝。（流沙河） <br />&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;　　 <br />&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;13.&nbsp;人群中，这些面孔的鬼影； <br />&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; 潮湿的黑树枝上的花瓣。（余光中） <br />&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;　　 <br />&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;14.&nbsp;人群中千张脸空的魅影；&nbsp;<br />&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;一条湿而黑的树枝上的花瓣。（洛夫） <br />&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;　　 </font></p>
<p><br /><font face="楷体_GB2312" color="#006600">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;15.&nbsp;这些面孔浮现于人群； <br />&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; 花瓣潮湿的黑树枝（颜元叔） <br />&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;　　 <br />&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;16.&nbsp;在群众中这些脸的魅影； <br />&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; 花瓣在一根濡湿的辚树丫上（李英豪） <br />&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;　　 <br />&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;17.&nbsp;在这拥挤的人群里这个美貌的突现； <br />&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; 一如花瓣在潮湿里，如暗淡的树枝</font></p>
<p><font face="楷体_GB2312" color="#006600">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; （周伯乃） <br />&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <br />&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;18.人群中一张张魅影的脸孔&nbsp; <br />&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; 湿黝枝干上片片花瓣&nbsp;&nbsp;(张错译本)</font></p>
<p><font face="楷体_GB2312" color="#006600">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; 19. 在地铁车站</font></p>
<p><font face="楷体_GB2312"><font color="#006600">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <font face="楷体_GB2312">人流中忽隐忽现的张张脸庞； </font></font></font></p>
<p><font face="楷体_GB2312" color="#006600">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; 黝黑沾湿的枝头上片片花瓣。&nbsp;</font></p>
<p><font face="楷体_GB2312" color="#006600">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; (杨通荣、丁廷森)</font></p>
<p>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</p></td></tr></tbody></table>
<p><font face="楷体_GB2312" color="#660000"></font></p></td></tr></tbody></table>
<p><font face="楷体_GB2312" color="#660000" size="3">&nbsp;</font></p>]]></description>
		</item>
		    
		
		<item>
			<title>《红色手推车》</title>
			<link>http://dennisding06.blog.sohu.com/25893991.html</link>
			<comments>http://dennisding06.blog.sohu.com/25893991.html#comment</comments>
			<dc:creator>博客丁廷森</dc:creator>
			<pubDate>Tue, 19 Dec 2006 20:03:08 +0800</pubDate>
			<guid>http://dennisding06.blog.sohu.com/25893991.html</guid>
			<description><![CDATA[<blockquote style="MARGIN-RIGHT: 0px">
<blockquote>
<p>&nbsp; </p>
<p><font color="#ff0000" size="4">《红色手推车》是美国现代主义诗人威廉．卡洛斯．威廉斯标新立异地应用意象的一个极佳例子:</font></p>
<p><font color="#ff0000" size="4">So much depends &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</font></p>
<p><font color="#ff0000" size="4">upon&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; </font></p>
<p><font color="#ff0000" size="4">a red <u>wheel</u>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; </font></p>
<p><font color="#ff0000" size="4">barrow&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; </font></p>
<p><font color="#ff0000" size="4">glazed <u>with</u> rain &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</font></p>
<p><font size="4"><font color="#ff0000"><u>water </u>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<u></u></font></font></p>
<p><font color="#ff0000" size="4">beside the <u>white</u>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; </font></p>
<p><font color="#ff0000" size="4">chickens.&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; </font></p>
<p><font color="#ff0000" size="4">&nbsp; 这首短诗应用了&ldquo;红色手推<font color="#ff0000" size="4">车&rdquo;</font><font color="#ff0000" size="4">&ldquo;雨水&rdquo;&ldquo;</font><font color="#ff0000" size="4">小白</font><font color="#ff0000" size="4">鸡&rdquo;等色彩对比十分鲜明的意象；压在车上的&ldquo;so much&rdquo;远比用具体的事物更能激发读者</font>的想象；诗行不以音节为单位，而是多次重复3个词 + 1个词的结构，别有韵味。而且，诗人运用的头韵（即包含4个以 [w] 音为首的词），使读者可以感受到被社会的重负压得喘不过气来的人们低沉的喘气声，表现了他们艰难而凄凉的生活意象。</font></p>
<blockquote style="MARGIN-RIGHT: 0px">
<p><font face="楷体_GB2312" color="#ff0000" size="4">这么多这么重</font></p>
<p><font face="楷体_GB2312" color="#ff0000" size="4">压在</font></p>
<p><font face="楷体_GB2312" color="#ff0000" size="4">一辆红色手推</font></p>
<p><font face="楷体_GB2312" color="#ff0000" size="4">车上</font></p>
<p><font face="楷体_GB2312" color="#ff0000" size="4">车上雨水透明</font></p>
<p><font face="楷体_GB2312" color="#ff0000" size="4">闪亮</font></p>
<p><font face="楷体_GB2312" color="#ff0000" size="4">停在几只小白</font></p>
<p><font face="楷体_GB2312" color="#ff0000" size="4">鸡旁。</font></p>
<p><font color="#ff0000" size="2">（----杨通荣、丁廷森译）</font></p></blockquote></blockquote></blockquote>]]></description>
		</item>
		    
		
		<item>
			<title>唐纳德．霍尔---充满泥土芳香的诗人   </title>
			<link>http://dennisding06.blog.sohu.com/25772925.html</link>
			<comments>http://dennisding06.blog.sohu.com/25772925.html#comment</comments>
			<dc:creator>博客丁廷森</dc:creator>
			<pubDate>Mon, 18 Dec 2006 21:58:46 +0800</pubDate>
			<guid>http://dennisding06.blog.sohu.com/25772925.html</guid>
			<description><![CDATA[<p align="left"><font face="楷体_GB2312" color="#0000cc" size="6">唐纳德．霍尔---充满泥土芳香的诗人 </font></p>
<p><font color="#0000cc"><font size="4">&nbsp; 现任美国桂冠诗人唐纳德．霍金( Donald &nbsp;Hall,１９２８--&nbsp;)的作品一反现代主义诗歌的晦涩怪异,让诗歌回归自然。他荣获桂冠诗人的称号，也许是当代美国文坛一个有意义的信号。他出版过十多本诗集,但国内译介不多,网上可读到胡续冬先生很出色的几首译文。我现在也试译两首：</font> </font></p>
<p>&nbsp;</p>
<blockquote style="MARGIN-RIGHT: 0px">
<blockquote style="MARGIN-RIGHT: 0px">
<p><font color="#339900"><font size="6"><font face="黑体">　<font color="#006600" size="5">长　 河</font></font></font></font></p>
<p><font face="楷体_GB2312" color="#006600" size="4">麝牛用它长长的脸</font></p>
<p><font face="楷体_GB2312" color="#006600" size="4">嗅嗅，</font></p>
<p><font face="楷体_GB2312" color="#006600" size="4">是我的小船到了。那时，</font></p>
<p><font face="楷体_GB2312" color="#006600" size="4">我感觉它就在那儿</font></p>
<p><font face="楷体_GB2312" color="#006600" size="4">专注又沉重。</font></p>
<p><font face="楷体_GB2312" color="#006600" size="4">在白蒙蒙的夜里，</font></p>
<p><font face="楷体_GB2312" color="#006600" size="4">双桨快如飞，</font></p>
<p><font face="楷体_GB2312" color="#006600" size="4">深深的树丛近了。</font></p>
<p><font face="楷体_GB2312" color="#006600" size="4">就在两岸，</font></p>
<p><font face="楷体_GB2312" color="#006600" size="4">树影暗淡。</font></p>
<p><font face="楷体_GB2312" color="#006600" size="4">我划过城镇，</font></p>
<p><font face="楷体_GB2312" color="#006600" size="4">在它黑暗的梦中，</font></p>
<p><font face="楷体_GB2312" color="#006600" size="4">来到这里，</font></p>
<p><font face="楷体_GB2312" color="#006600" size="4">经过北方的草地，</font></p>
<p><font face="楷体_GB2312" color="#006600" size="4">和冰冷的高山。</font></p>
<p><font face="楷体_GB2312" color="#006600" size="4">小船停下的时候</font></p>
<p><font face="楷体_GB2312" color="#006600" size="4">麝牛还在走动，</font></p>
<p><font face="楷体_GB2312" color="#006600" size="4">走在密林中。此刻，</font></p>
<p><font face="楷体_GB2312" color="#006600" size="4">树林漆黑</font></p>
<p><font face="楷体_GB2312" color="#006600" size="4">怀着古老的喜悦。</font></p>
<p><font face="楷体_GB2312" color="#006600" size="4">&nbsp;&nbsp;</font></p>
<p><font face="楷体_GB2312" color="#006600" size="5"></font>&nbsp;</p><pre><font face="黑体" color="#006600" size="6">&nbsp;<font size="5">老 日 子</font></font></pre><pre><font face="楷体_GB2312" color="#006600" size="5">&nbsp;</font></pre><pre><font face="楷体_GB2312" color="#006600" size="4">雪在夜晚降落。</font></pre><pre><font face="楷体_GB2312" color="#006600" size="4">五点一刻我醒来，</font></pre><pre><font face="楷体_GB2312" color="#006600" size="4">&nbsp; 本田车停放的地方，</font></pre><pre><font face="楷体_GB2312" color="#006600" size="4">已铺上带蓝色的松软的一层。</font></pre><pre><font face="楷体_GB2312" color="#006600" size="4">&nbsp; 喂了猫，煮了咖啡，</font></pre><pre><font face="楷体_GB2312" color="#006600" size="4">我把车上的雪扫净，</font></pre><pre><font face="楷体_GB2312" color="#006600" size="4">&nbsp; 然后开车到柯萨吉小集市, </font></pre><pre><font face="楷体_GB2312" color="#006600" size="4">阿密这才开店，从一大包邮件中，</font></pre><pre><font face="楷体_GB2312" color="#006600" size="4">  抽出我的《环球》杂志。</font></pre><pre><font face="楷体_GB2312" color="#006600" size="4">湛蓝的早晨，我回到家中，</font></pre><pre><font face="楷体_GB2312" color="#006600" size="4">  盛了一杯咖啡，</font></pre><pre><font face="楷体_GB2312" color="#006600" size="4">送到简的身旁，她仍睡意朦胧，</font></pre><pre><font face="楷体_GB2312" color="#006600" size="4">&nbsp; 咕哝一声谢谢。</font></pre><pre><font face="楷体_GB2312" color="#006600" size="4">随后我坐到自己的蓝椅子上，</font></pre><pre><font face="楷体_GB2312" color="#006600" size="4">  手拿蓝莓浆果面包圈，</font></pre><pre><font face="楷体_GB2312" color="#006600" size="4">喝着浓浓的黑咖啡，读着新闻，</font></pre><pre><font face="楷体_GB2312" color="#006600" size="4">  看讣告、漫画和体育消息。</font></pre><pre><font face="楷体_GB2312" color="#006600" size="4">捧着杯子走二十英尺，</font></pre><pre><font face="楷体_GB2312" color="#006600" size="4">  坐到我的桌边</font></pre><pre><font face="楷体_GB2312" color="#006600" size="4">去度过一天的光阴，</font></pre><pre><font face="楷体_GB2312" color="#006600" size="4">  怀着终生约定的渴望和使命。</font></pre>
<p><font face="楷体_GB2312" color="#006600" size="4">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; 1995．1．</font></p>
<p><font face="楷体_GB2312" color="#006600" size="5"></font>&nbsp;</p>
<p><font color="#006600" size="3">(丁廷森译自 <em>Contemporary American Poetry </em>edited by Dondald Hall,THE PENGUIN GROUP,1962)</font></p></blockquote></blockquote>
<p><font color="#006600" size="5">&nbsp;</font></p>
<p><font color="#006600" size="5">&nbsp;</font></p>
<p><font color="#006600" size="5">&nbsp;</font></p>
<p><font color="#006600" size="5">&nbsp;</font></p>]]></description>
		</item>
		    
		
		<item>
			<title>忠告儿子</title>
			<link>http://dennisding06.blog.sohu.com/25227398.html</link>
			<comments>http://dennisding06.blog.sohu.com/25227398.html#comment</comments>
			<dc:creator>博客丁廷森</dc:creator>
			<pubDate>Thu, 14 Dec 2006 23:49:54 +0800</pubDate>
			<guid>http://dennisding06.blog.sohu.com/25227398.html</guid>
			<description><![CDATA[&nbsp;<font style="BACKGROUND-COLOR: #33ffff"> </font><font style="BACKGROUND-COLOR: #ffffff" color="#0000cc">海明威的诗</font>
<p><b><font color="#0000cc" size="5">&nbsp;忠告儿子</font></b></p>
<p><strong><font color="#0000cc" size="5">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</font></strong></p>
<p><font color="#0000cc" size="4">决不要相信白人，</font></p>
<p><font color="#0000cc" size="4">决不要杀害犹太人，</font></p>
<p><font color="#0000cc" size="4">决不要签定合同，</font></p>
<p><font color="#0000cc" size="4">决不要租用教堂的板凳。</font></p>
<p><font color="#0000cc" size="4">不要应征去入伍；</font></p>
<p><font color="#0000cc" size="4">不要娶几个老婆：</font></p>
<p><font color="#0000cc" size="4">决不给刊物写稿；</font></p>
<p><font color="#0000cc" size="4">决不去捅马蜂窝。</font></p>
<p><font color="#0000cc" size="4">经常在你的座位上垫张纸，</font></p>
<p><font color="#0000cc" size="4">不要相信战争，&nbsp; </font></p>
<p><font color="#0000cc" size="4">决不要与妓女结婚，</font></p>
<p><font color="#0000cc" size="4">让自己干干净净。&nbsp; </font></p>
<p><font color="#0000cc" size="4">决不要把钱交给骗子，</font></p>
<p><font color="#0000cc" size="4">决不要跟人家打官司，</font></p>
<p><font color="#0000cc" size="4">决不要轻信出版商，</font></p>
<p><font color="#0000cc" size="4">否则你只有睡在草堆上。</font></p>
<p><font color="#0000cc" size="4">所有的朋友都会离开你，</font></p>
<p><font color="#0000cc" size="4">所有的朋友都会死去。</font></p>
<p><font color="#0000cc" size="4">过一种干净健康的生活，</font></p>
<p><font color="#0000cc" size="4">然后与他们在天上会合。</font></p>
<p><font color="#0000cc">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; ( 1931年，柏林)</font></p>
<p><font color="#0000cc">&nbsp;&nbsp; ------ 丁廷森译</font></p>
<p><font color="#0000cc"></font>&nbsp;</p>
<p><font color="#000000"></font>&nbsp;</p>
<p>&nbsp;</p>]]></description>
		</item>
		    
		
		<item>
			<title>卡明斯的孤独</title>
			<link>http://dennisding06.blog.sohu.com/19956534.html</link>
			<comments>http://dennisding06.blog.sohu.com/19956534.html#comment</comments>
			<dc:creator>博客丁廷森</dc:creator>
			<pubDate>Wed, 8 Nov 2006 14:54:07 +0800</pubDate>
			<guid>http://dennisding06.blog.sohu.com/19956534.html</guid>
			<description><![CDATA[&nbsp; 
<p><font size="4"><font face="隶书"><b>卡明斯的孤独</b><b></b></font></font></p>
<p>&nbsp;</p>
<p>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; 伊&middot;伊&middot;卡明斯（e. e. cummings, 1894&mdash;1962）是美国现代主义诗人中出类拔萃者的代表。卡明斯以诗体新奇古怪闻名, 被誉为&ldquo;语言魔术师&rdquo;，在诗歌结构上是前所未有的传统诗歌的典型叛逆。他创造了让人耳目一新的语言变异的技巧，展露了诗歌语言的独具匠心的实验和革新。他的一首仅仅包含4个词的小诗［la］，就同时运用了语法、词汇、语义、拼写甚至标点符号的变异。诗人把&ldquo;loneliness&rdquo;（孤独）这个词拆开，分成4个部分，把括号里的&ldquo;a leaf falls&rdquo;割裂成5个部分，想必是要突出&ldquo;one&rdquo; 和 两个&ldquo;l&rdquo;；诗行的排列也犹如一片落叶坠地：</p>
<blockquote style="MARGIN-RIGHT: 0px">
<blockquote style="MARGIN-RIGHT: 0px">
<p>l(a</p>
<p>le</p>
<p>af</p>
<p>fa</p>
<p>lls) </p>
<p>one</p>
<p>l</p>
<p>iness</p></blockquote></blockquote>
<p>诗人要表达的孤独，一种内心深处的或是与世隔绝的孤独，是一种心灵失落和心灵破碎的孤独。实际上，这种怪异的语言也是从loneliness, a leaf 和fall这些最普通不过的词语及其拼写变异而来的, 但比常规语言的表达更加震撼人心。这就是诗人对常规语言变异之后所达到的前景化效应。</p>
<p>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; 试译这首诗:</p>
<blockquote style="MARGIN-RIGHT: 0px">
<blockquote style="MARGIN-RIGHT: 0px">
<p>孤(一</p>
<p>片</p>
<p>落叶</p>
<p>坠</p>
<p>地)</p>
<p>独</p>
<p>一</p>
<p>生</p>
<p>&nbsp;</p></blockquote></blockquote>
<p>还有一首&ldquo;one&rdquo; 也充分表现了卡明斯独有的书写变异：</p>
<blockquote style="MARGIN-RIGHT: 0px">
<blockquote style="MARGIN-RIGHT: 0px">
<p>one</p>
<p>t</p>
<p>hi</p>
<p>s </p>
<p>snowflake </p>
<p>( a</p>
<p>li</p>
<p>ght</p>
<p>in</p>
<p>g)</p>
<p>is upon a gra</p>
<p>v </p>
<p>es </p>
<p>t </p>
<p>&nbsp;</p>
<p>one </p></blockquote></blockquote>
<p>&nbsp;</p>
<p>&nbsp; 这不是一般意义上的诗，而是一幅雪花从天空孤零零地飘落在墓碑上的凄凉的画。诗人把&ldquo;This snowflake (alighting) is upon a gravestone&rdquo; (这片雪花，闪闪烁烁, 落在一块墓碑上) 这句话任意拆卸组装（这就是诗行结构的变异），前后加上one, 以加强孤独感，为的是在读者心目中制造强烈的视觉印象。</p>
<p>&nbsp;</p><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 15pt; FONT-FAMILY: 华文行楷; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">
<p>&nbsp;</p></span></b>]]></description>
		</item>
		    
		
		<item>
			<title>伊.伊.卡明斯的魔幻语言变异</title>
			<link>http://dennisding06.blog.sohu.com/16590909.html</link>
			<comments>http://dennisding06.blog.sohu.com/16590909.html#comment</comments>
			<dc:creator>博客丁廷森</dc:creator>
			<pubDate>Thu, 12 Oct 2006 16:01:12 +0800</pubDate>
			<guid>http://dennisding06.blog.sohu.com/16590909.html</guid>
			<description><![CDATA[<table cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" border="0"><tbody><tr><td><p>&nbsp;</p><p><strong><font size="4">伊.伊.卡明斯的魔幻语言变异</font></strong></p><p>------ 《夕照》语篇分析&nbsp; 丁廷森 </p><p>&nbsp;<font size="3">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; 伊&middot;伊&middot;卡明斯（e. e. cummings, 1894&mdash;1962）是现代主义诗人中出类拔萃的代表。卡明斯以诗体新奇古怪闻名, 被誉为&ldquo;语言魔术师&rdquo;，在诗歌结构上是前所未有的传统诗歌的典型叛逆。卡明斯的诗歌不仅引起了文学界的强烈反响, 也引起了语言学家的关注。下面是卡明斯的一首名篇《夕照》：</font> </p><p>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <strong>夕 照</strong>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; 伊.伊.卡明斯 (丁廷森译) </p><p>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;带刺的 </p><p>&nbsp;&nbsp; 金 蜂拥 </p><p>&nbsp;&nbsp; 教堂尖顶 </p><p>&nbsp;&nbsp; 银 </p><p>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;唱起圣歌那 </p><p>&nbsp;&nbsp; 巨大的钟正与玫瑰色共呜 </p><p>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;这淫荡而肥胖的钟声 </p><p>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; 一阵狂 </p><p>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; 风 </p><p>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; 正 </p><p>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; 拖起 </p><p>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;大海 </p><p>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; 入 </p><p>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; 梦 </p><p>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <strong>乡</strong></p><p>&nbsp;</p><p>全诗原文如下： </p><p>&nbsp;<strong>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;sunset</strong> </p><p>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; e. e. cummings </p><p>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; stinging </p><p>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; gold swarms </p><p>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; upon the spires </p><p>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; silver </p><p>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; chants the litanies the </p><p>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; great bells are ringing with rose </p><p>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; the lewd fat bells </p><p>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; and a tall </p><p>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; wind </p><p>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;is dragging </p><p>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;the sea </p><p>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; with </p><p>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; dream </p><p>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; - S </p><p>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<font size="2"> 这首诗应用奇特的意象, 并调动了光、声音、颜色等手段来强化意象，表达诗人对夕照下教堂的感觉印象。诗人用词怪异，表现手法独特。许多地方只可感觉，难以理解，好在现代诗歌给读者留有更大的余地。在读诗时，读者不妨充分发挥想象力，去感受和体验诗中的美。诗人用&ldquo;带刺的&rdquo;（stinging） 来形容 &ldquo;金&rdquo;（gold）, 这是一种语义变异（或偏离）的手段（semantic deviation）。&ldquo;Gold&rdquo; 既是颜色,又是光, 表现的是一种视觉意象; &ldquo;silver&rdquo; 指声音,又是颜色,表现的是一种听觉意象， 既是词汇衔接手段(lexical cohesive device), 又是语义衔接手段(cohesive device)。诗人还运用了动词隐喻swarm，形容照在有尖顶(像带了刺)的教堂上的夕阳金光闪闪，犹如蜜蜂涌动，因为蜜蜂的羽翅也呈金色。这是非常形象的视觉意象，反映出诗人卡明斯不同寻常的想象力和非凡的变异语言的能力。silver是一种能发出响亮声音的金属，这里用来表示声音，但诗人说把&ldquo;银&rdquo;作为主语，与&ldquo;金&rdquo;形成鲜明的对照，说它&ldquo;唱起圣歌&rdquo;，把光、色、声的意象重叠起来。&ldquo;ring with rose&rdquo;这个词组也应用得十分奇妙。在伊&middot;伊&middot;卡明斯的诗歌中，听、视、嗅、味、触等感觉常常相互渗透替换，这里的&ldquo;rose&rdquo;是指玫瑰色。教堂的钟声从窗口传出来，自然使人联想到窗上那些玫瑰色的玻璃图案。rose一般只给人予视觉（颜色）的印象，但在意象派诗歌中却可以发声回荡，这是听、视觉意象的复合。一说卡明斯不喜欢教会，因此这里用&ldquo;淫秽&rdquo;（ lewd）和&ldquo;肥胖&rdquo; （fat）来形容教堂钟声。在这里，作者又应用了语义变异手段。dream-S： 这种拼写法，可能暗示梦幻之强烈、之长久持续。而且，最后的&ldquo;-S&rdquo;与这首诗的第一个字母&ldquo;s&rdquo;对应起来，或许与本诗的一些以&ldquo;s&rdquo;结尾的诗行形成一种特殊的韵脚。把一个词切割开来（如dream与s），或把几个词拼凑在一起，这是诗人惯用的手法，是一种拼写变异手段。一定的形式表达一定的意义，伊.伊.卡明斯在这首诗中应用&ldquo;从功能语言学角度来看，任何选择都是有意义的&rdquo;，&ldquo;选择就是意义&rdquo;（黄国文，2001）。作者还精心设计了诗的造型：横看诗行，犹如教堂在海水中的倒影，加上教堂传出的钟声和歌声时远时近，教堂在夕阳落晖中金光灿烂，晚潮时海风吹拂，大海波涛翻滚，使读者获得一种奇特的美的感受。卡明斯曾在巴黎学习过绘画，也举行过多次个人画展。他在诗中特别善应于用语言来表现光和颜色。正如e. e.卡明斯自己所说: &ldquo;我的诗, 少数除外, 实质上都是画。&rdquo; </font></p></td></tr></tbody></table><br />]]></description>
		</item>
		    
		
	</channel>
</rss>
